Telugu States

              Phani Siddha

@ Super Sixty IAS Academy

                   Hyd

apgeographeee.blogspot.com

Telugu Academy INTERMEDIATE Second Year has updated material of both states

Geographically India can be understood into two.

North India is the place between Vindhyas and Central part of Himalayas.

South India is the place between Vindhyas and Indian Ocean..

Telugu States between 12° 37' and 19°N 54' latitude and 76°46' and 84 degrees 46' East longitude, and is bordered by Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh and Orissa in the north, the  Bay of Bengal in the East, Tamil Nadu to the south and Karnataka to the west.

It is in Southern part of India 

Ananthapur Dist is the Largest 19, 130 Sq Kms AP State

Hyderabad Dist is the smallest with 217 Sq Kms.. Telangana State

Standard Meridian of India 82 and 1/2 degrees (82 deg 30') East Longitude passes thru Kakinada in AP.

Historically the region comprising the state was known as Andhraapatha, Andhradesa, Andhraavani, and Andhra vishaya. 

Telangana is having a rich cultural heritage which is being codified in texts 

Andhra state was formed on 1st Oct 1953 carved out from the erstwhile state of Madras. 

Andhra Pradesh was formed by merging Telangana with Andhra State to unite Telugu speaking people on 1 November 1956. First state on linguistic basis

On 4th June 2014 the states got divided as Telangana and AP after AP Reorganisation Act 2014 was passed in Parliament of India

Armakonda Peak 1680 M is the highest point in the AP state, as well as the highest point in the Eastern Ghats(Britannica Encyclopedia)

Telugu States


Telangana :  Central part of Krishna & Godavari - 31 districts. area 1,14,800 Sq Kms, Southern and Western part of this region suffers from semi arid conditions and soils are poor with shrubs.. crop productivity is very less.. Due to state capital region it is industrially well developed..
Hyderabad is located in the central part of the Western Plateau (Eastern part of Deccan plateau) at an elevation of 600 mtrs.
Hills of Adilabad are called Nirmal Hills.
Along the Godavari valley in Adilabad Karimnagar Warangal Khamam Dist Coal beds are found in folded Gondwana Formations. (Godavarikhani, Ramagundam, Kothagudem etc)

Coastal Region AP State  :  Srikakulam to Nellore - 9 districts.. 92,900 Sq Kms... Godavari, Krishna & Penna river form extensive deltas... agriculturally very well developed and is also the main cause for high density of population of this region..

Yarada Hills situated south of Visakhapatnam have steep and cliffy slopes.. It protects the Vskp harbour from the sea waves. It is also called as Dolphin’s Nose.

The small enclave (12 sq mi (30 km²)) of theYanam district of Pondicherry (Puducherry) state lies in the Godavari Delta.

Rayalaseema Region AP State 4 dist   :  Central part of Krishna & Tungabhadra - 4 districts 67,400 Sq Kms... chronically drought prone, population density is low and economically backward region... Anantapur receives lowest rainfall in the state.

largest city is Hyderabad is common capital till 2024 and is retailed as Capital City of Telangana with AP developing its 3 Capital Policy at Amaravati (Legislative) Visakhapatnam (Administrative) and Kurnool (Judicial). 

AP State has the second longest coastline (972 km) among all the States in India and has nearly 10 sea ports like Krishnapatnam, Durgarajupalem, Kakinada, Machilipatnam, Vishakhapatnam etc and new ports being constructed assume importance
In India the longest coastline is that of Gujarat (1600 km)

Languages: Telugu 

Urdu has importance in Hyd and surrounding areas in TS

Telugu is the main language in these states and 88 % of population are Hindus, 7% are Muslims, 4% Christians and rest are of religions like Sikhs, Buddhists, Parsis etc together 1%.
 (for state wise stats see class notes on each state)

  
Climate is generally hot and humid. The major role in determining the climate of the states is played by South- West Monsoons. But the winters  are pleasant. This the time when the state attracts most of its tourists.Summers last from the month of March to June. During these months the moisture level is quite high. In the coastal plain the summer temperatures are generally higher than the rest of the states. In summer temperature generally ranges between 20C and 40C At certain places the temperature as high as 45 degrees on a summer day e.g Ramagundam in TS, Guntur in AP 

July to September is the season for tropical rains  The states receives heavy rainfall during these months. About one third of the total rainfall is brought by the North- East Monsoons heavier in coastal andhra, to a lesser extent in TS.

 Sometime around the month of October winter arrives in the states. October, November, December, January and February are the winter months. High elevation areas like in Adilabad, Khamam, Hyd esperience extreme chills even 0 deg centigrade in Bhadrachalam khammam forests in TS,  and abutting TuGo dist in AP in eastern ghats, Lambasinghi region in Vskp in AP.

Since the AP state has a reasonably long coastal belt the winters are not much cold elsewhere except in high elevated areas in E Ghats. 

The range of winter temperature is generally 13C to 30C. Cotton clothes are best suitable to cope with the Climate 

October to February is the best time to visit the states in general for those seeking cooler climes.

Andhra Pradesh is historically the "Rice Bowl of India". More than 70% of its crop is rice mostly in alluvium of the KG deltas

TS has tremendously increased its agri capacities thru dams, housetop agri, lake,tank rejuvenation, pipeline supplies etc 

Major rivers
River Godavari: enters TS at Basar in Adilabad Dist, crosses Papikondalu a tourist attraction to enter AP near Polavaram. 770 Kms in TS + AP.  

Tributaries are Manjeera, Pranhita, Indravati, Kinnerasani, 

Sabari, Sileru

Anicut in AP is built at Dhowleshwaram near Rajahmundry. Distributaries are Gowtami, Vashishta, Vainateya
Dams on Godavari: 

TS: Nizamsagar (on Manjeera) SriRamsagar at (Pochampad)

AP: Polavaram (at Polavaram)

 River Krishna: enters TS at Thangadi in Mahboobnagar dist,

 Tungabhadra (Tunga + Bhadra Rivers) enters Kurnool dist AP at Mantralayam and joins Krishana at Sangam.

Srisailam Dam at Srisailam and Nagarjuna Sagar dam at Nandikonda are famous projects. Left Canals taken for TS and Right Canals taken for AP

flows 720 Kms in TSAP. Prakasham Barrage at Vijayawada on Krishna and Bhavani Islands are tourist spots in AP..After crossing Vijayawada it divides into two parts and again merges into one.. The area in between is called Diviseems and reaches Bay of Bengal near Hamsaladeevi

Major tributaries are Tungabhadra (longest Tributary of Krishna), Dindi, Paleru, Koyana, Varna, Panchaganga, Musi, Bheema, Ghataprabha, Munneru etc all joining in TS

River Penna:  enters AP near Hindupur in Anantapur Dist, anicut at Nellore, joins ocean near Vutukur in Nellore.

Major tributaries are Jayamangali, Sagileru, Papaghni, Chitravati, Cheyyeru

in 2021 July both the states had conflicts on water sharing and hence Union Government had thru Gazette Notification totally entrusted the management of both rivers Godavari and Krishna to River Mgt Authorities GRMB, KRMB (B - Board) 

TS has chosen wonderful new symbols for the state

Andhra Pradesh State Symbols State language Telugu (తెలుగు) State symbol Poorna Kumbham (పూర్ణకుంభం) State song Maa Telugu Thalliki (మాతెలుగు తల్లికి మల్లె పూదండ) State animal Black Buck, (కృష్ణ జింక) State bird Indian Roller, (పాల పిట్ట) State tree Neem (వేప) State sportKabaddi (కబ్బడి) State dance Kuchipudi (కూచిపూడి) State flower Water lily (కలువ పువ్వు)

Hyderabad is the capital and, along with the adjoining twin city Secunderabad, is the largest city in the state of TS, Warangal, , Karimnagar, Nizamabad are major towns. but Warangal is fast emerging as a major city probable

Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh's main seaport, is the largest city of the state and is home to the Indian Navy's Eastern Naval Command. 

Vijayawada due to its location and proximity to major rail and road routes is a major trading center and the second largest city of the state. Other important cities 

Kakinada, , Guntur , Tirupati, Rajahmundry,Nellore, Ongole, Kurnool, Anantapurand Eluru.

Telugu States are recognized variously for  legendary dynasties, temples, festivals beautiful language - Telugu, lacquer toys and beautiful weaves, rich literature and the vibrant dance forms

There are ruins, palaces, museums, and ports apart from the sacred Tirupati AP, Yadadri TS where one can leave one’s prayers to be answered.

States have a wide variety of wildlife and natural beauty. As one travels in the state, one can find diverse landscapes, from a lush coastal area to a dry deciduous forest to a mangrove belt.

The states are home to India's largest tiger reserve, in the Nallamala forest. Kaval Reserrve TS is the new hotspot for Tigers due to its continuity with Mah, Chatisgarh tiger reserves

The Godavari river delta is famous for reptiles like the salt-water crocodile, fishing cats and other exotic animals.
India's largest pelican refuge at Kolleru Lake, which is also a haven for migrating birds, is an important tourist site.

Situated on the Deccan plateau most part TS + Rayalaseema of AP and is one of the oldest geological formations of the country.

The Godavari and Krishna rivers cut through the states, forming large deltas before joining the Bay of Bengal.. They carry large sediment and flow thru black soil area thus forming deltaic alluvium good for retaining moisture..

TS AP earliest appearance in history is found in Aitareya Brahmana (800 BC) as Dakshina Padh.

Andhras, Pulindas, Sabaras, and many other sects lived in Dakshina Padh. In the Mauryan age, the Telugus were a political power in the Deccan. Megasthenes, who visited the court of Chandragupta Maurya (322-297 BC), mentioned that the Andhra country had 30 fortified towns and an army of 1,00,000 infantry, 2,000 cavalry and 1,000 elephants.

The Buddhist religious books reveal that Telugus  established their kingdoms on the Godavari belt at that time. Even Ashoka referred in his 13th rock edict that the Andhras were his subordinates. The flourishing Satvahana Empire, which followed the Mauryas, covered the entire Deccan plateau by the 1st century AD. From the seventh to the 10th centuries, the Chalukyas ruled the states. This was followed by the rule of the Cholas, Kakatiyas, and the powerful Vijayanagar Empire. By the 16th century, the Qutab Shahi dynasty established its firm foothold in and around Hyderabad.

The Nizams, as the rulers of Hyderabad were called, maintained their rule, even during the advent of the French and British.

TO BE CONTINUED...